LPC1768: Register Configuration(lpc17xx.h)

Objective

In this tutorial we are going to discuss the internal register configuration of lpc1768 or in general lpc17xx family.
At the end of this tutorial you will be familiar with the lpc17xx GPIO and SFR registers and how to access them and configure them.

LPC1768 Memory Map

As it is 32-bit architecture it can access 2^32 locations(4GB).
This 4Gb of addressable locations are divided into ROM,RAM,GPIO,AHB Peripherals as shown in the below image.
In LPC1768 the GPIO registers are mapped to memory location 0x2009 C000 - 0x2009 FFFF.

Register Configuration

As all the LPC1768 SFRs(Special Function Registers) are defined in lpc17xx.h, this has to be included at the beginning of our project/code.

LPC1768 has its GPIOs divided into five ports PORT0 - PORT4, although many of them are not physically 32bit wide. Refer the data sheet for more info. The Below registers will be used for Configuring and using the GPIOs registers for sending and receiving the Digital signals. A structure LPC_GPIOn(n= 0,1,2,3) contains all the registers for required for GPIO operation. Refer lpc17xx.h file for more info on the registers.

PINSEL: GPIO Pins Select Register
Almost all the LPC1768 pins are multiplexed to support more than 1 function. Every GPIO pin has a minimum of one function and max of four functions. The required function can be selected by configuring the PINSEL register. As there can be up to 4 functions associated with a GPIO pin, two bits for each pin are available to select the function. This implies that we need two PINSEL registers to configure a PORT pins. By this the first 16(P0.0-P0.16) pin functions of PORT0 can be selected by 32 bits of PINSELO register. The remaining 16 bits(P0.16-P0.32) are configured using 32bits of PINSEL1 register. As mentioned earlier every pin has max of four functions. Below table shows how to select the function for a particular pin using two bits of the PINSEL register.

Value	Function	Enumeration
00	Primary (default) function, typically GPIO port	PINSEL_FUNC_0
01	First alternate function	PINSEL_FUNC_1
10	Second alternate function	PINSEL_FUNC_2
11	Third alternate function	PINSEL_FUNC_3

FIODIR:Fast GPIO Direction Control Register.
This register individually controls the direction of each port pin.

Values	Direction
0	Input
1	Output

FIOSET:Fast Port Output Set Register.
This register controls the state of output pins. Writing 1s produces highs at the corresponding port pins. Writing 0s has no effect. Reading this register returns the current contents of the port output register not the physical port value.

Values	FIOSET
0	No Effect
1	Sets High on Pin

FIOCLR:Fast Port Output Clear Register.
This register controls the state of output pins. Writing 1s produces lows at the corresponding port pins. Writing 0s has no effect.

Values	FIOCLR
0	No Effect
1	Sets Low on Pin

FIOPIN:Fast Port Pin Value Register.
This register is used for both reading and writing data from/to the PORT.
Output: Writing to this register places corresponding values in all bits of the particular PORT pins.
Input: The current state of digital port pins can be read from this register, regardless of pin direction or alternate function selection (as long as pins are not configured as an input to ADC).
Note:It is recommended to configure the PORT direction and pin function before using it.

Examples

Example 1

Program to demonstrate the LED blinking.
Here first the PORT2 pins are selected for GPIO using PINSEL register then they are configured as Output using the FIODIR register.
LEDs are turned ON by sending a high pulse using FIOSET register.
After some time the LEDs are turned OFF by sending the low pulse using FIOCLR register.

Example 2

This is second approach in which FIOPIN register is used for both setting and clearing the PORT pins.
Writing Logic 1 will set the PORT pin and writing 0 will Clear the particular PORT bit.

Using Explore Embedded Libraries :

In the above tutorial we just discussed how to configure the PORTS for GPIO for blinking the Leds.
Once you know the GPIO configurations, you can directly use the ExploreEmbedded libraries to play around with LEDs.
For that you need to include the gpio.c/gpio.h and the associated files(delay/stdutils).
The below sample code shows how to use the GPIO functions.

Refer this link for more info on GPIO libraries.

Downloads

Download the complete project folder from the below link: https://codeload.github.com/ExploreEmbedded/Explore-Cortex-M3-LPC1768-Stick-DVB-14001/zip/master

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